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Elevated GAD titers, up to 10 times above normal, also are seen in diabetes but in SPS the titers are very high (at least 10 times above the range seen in diabetes) or are present in the spinal fluid. A t iter is a laboratory test that measures the presence and amount of antibodies in blood. Antibody titers are important for the diagnosis of SPS. Most people with SPS have elevated (higher) levels of GAD antibodies. A definitive diagnosis can be made with a blood test that measures the level of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies. SPS is often misdiagnosed as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia, psychosomatic illness, or anxiety and phobia. How is stiff-person syndrome diagnosed and treated?

Scientists don't yet understand what causes SPS, but research indicates that it is the result of an autoimmune response gone awry in the brain and spinal cord.

It is frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases such as type-I diabetes, thyroiditis, vitiligo, and pernicious anemia.

SPS affects twice as many females as males.

Who is more likely to get stiff-person syndrome ? People with SPS may be afraid to leave the house because street noises, such as the sound of a car horn, can trigger spasms and falls. Many fall frequently because they do not have the normal reflexes to catch themselves. Some people may be too disabled to walk or move.

Over time people with SPS may develop hunched over postures.

Greater sensitivity to noise, touch, and emotional distress, which can set off muscle spasms.

Stiff muscles in the trunk (torso), arms, and legs.Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare, progressive neurological disorder.